the fetal origins hypothesis (foh), put forward in the epidemiological literature and later flourished in the economics literature, suggests that the time in utero is a critical period for human development. however, much attention has been paid to the consequences of fetal exposures to more extreme natural shocks, while less is known about fetal exposures to milder but more commonly experience...

Pioneering work by Douglas Almond (2006) used the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic to establish that in utero exposure to health insults has a large, negative impact on health and socioeconomic prosperity that reaches well into adulthood. A key assumption underlying this body of research is that in utero exposure to the influenza pandemic can be treated as if it were randomly assigned. The valid...

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Standard intelligence tests were administered to twenty-eight children who had been exposed to PTU in utero and thirty-two non-exposed siblings. There was no significant difference in results between the two groups. The present study suggests that with careful attention, pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis can be treated with propylthiouracil without interfering with subsequent intellectual deve...

This work reviews magnetic resonance imaging in the developing human brain. It focuses on fetal brain imaged in vivo and in utero with complementary sections on abnormalities seen in clinical settings, and on potential of diffusion tensor imaging and of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The main purposes are to illustrate the normal fetal developing brain and its abnormalities commonly en...

Adverse in utero exposures can disrupt fetal brain development, deplete subpopulations of neurons and inhibit formation of normal synaptic connections. A major roadblock to unraveling the precise mechanisms and timing of human neurodevelopmental derangement is the almost complete absence of sensitive noninvasive assessments. We present novel methods for isolating fetal neuronal exosomes from ma...

background the most common space occupying lesions of the fetal thorax are congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh), congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (ccam), and bronchopulmonary sequestration (bps). although applications of prenatal mri have been vastly improved in the recent years, its use in the assessment of space occupying lesions of the fetal chest differs among centers. objectives...

Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that about 25 million pregnant mothers are currently at risk for malaria, and that malaria accounts for over 10,000 maternal and 200,000 neonatal deaths per year. The current hypothesis of early life programming supports the premise that many developmental delay and disorders may have their origin In-utero. Therefore, the current study aimed...

Sexually selected feticide-the death of infants in utero as a result of male behaviour-has only rarely been described or analysed, although it is presumed to be favoured by the same selective pressures that favour sexually selected infanticide. To test this hypothesis, we measured the frequency of feticide and infanticide by male baboons of the Amboseli basin in Kenya, and examined which charac...

AIM To study baroreflex maturation by measuring, longitudinally, baroreflex sensitivity in preterm (gestational age 24-37 weeks) and full term infants. METHODS Baroreflex sensitivity was quantified once a week, one to seven times, by a totally non-invasive method. RESULTS Baroreflex sensitivity at birth was lower in the preterm infant and increased with gestational age. It also increased wi...